Type Talk Essay - 1224 Words

Type Talk: The 16 Personality Types That Determine How We Live, Love, and Work by Otto Kroeger and Janet M. Thuesen Dell Publishing, October, 1989 Type Talk is a primer on personality preference typing centered on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (â€Å"MBTI†). The MBTI is a widely-used â€Å"test† that helps a person begin to understand why people perceive situations differently, communicate different from others, and opt for different activities. The book’s authors, Otto Kroeger and Janet Thuesen, husband and wife, have long been in the forefront of adapting the MBTI for use in everyday life and coined the phrase â€Å"Typewatching† as a descriptor for their work. Kroeger and Thuesen open the book with a chapter on â€Å"name-calling†. They use this†¦show more content†¦In 1956, the MBTI was published by Educational Testing Service of Princeton, NJ, publishers of the venerable Scholastic Aptitude Test. Word of the instrument began to spread, but only for use as a research tool. In 1969, Isabel Myers teamed up with Mary McCauley at the University of Florida and the two began a typology laboratory at the school that emerged as the center for all MBTI-related activity. Three years later, the laboratory became the Center for the Application of Psychological Type and remains the principal facility for Typewatching. According to the CAPT web site, approximately 2,000,000 people per year take the MBTI instrument (http://www.capt.org). Type Talk begins its presentation of preference alternatives by introducing them in pairs: Extraversion/Introversion, Sensing/Intuition, Thinking/Feeling, and Judging/Perceiving. These are immediately followed by a detailed examination of the basics of Typewatching from Jungian theory. These basic functions are described as â€Å"information-gathering† and â€Å"decision-making†. If we gather information in an exact, sequential manner our preference is toward â€Å"S†ensing or if we gather in a figurative, intuitive manner our preference is to be iNtuitive. (pp. 23-25). Our decision making is either detached, analytical and objective, marking us as a â€Å"T†hinker or if done on anShow MoreRelatedType Talk1269 Words   |  6 PagesType Talk: The 16 Personality Types That Determine How We Live, Love, and Work by Otto Kroeger and Janet M. Thuesen Dell Publishing, October, 1989 Type Talk is a primer on personality preference typing centered on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). The MBTI is a widely-used test that helps a person begin to understand why people perceive situations differently, communicate different from others, and opt for different activities. The book s authors, Otto Kroeger and Janet ThuesenRead MoreType Talk At Work By Otto Kroeger849 Words   |  4 PagesSTEP 2 The book, Type Talk At Work by Otto Kroeger, Janet M Thuesen an Hile Rugledge is a great read, but an even better source to refer back to in the future. I found interesting that the beginning of the book started out with a guide on how to navigate the read. The required awareness of the different personality types was required right from the beginning. Although the book was helpful to better understanding the strengths and weaknesses of my personality type, I believe that it is more valuableRead MoreTypes of Love in What We Talk About When We Talk About Love781 Words   |  4 Pagescircumstance may be presented in front of us. Love is just one of the many presented circumstances that require such attachments, the purest and most in depth circumstance that anyone could ever be a part of. The characters within the story â€Å"What We Talk About When We Talk About Love† are considered to be within the boundaries of an in-love relationship. They show the differences between couples, the good and evil, and even what the betrayal of previous marriages can do to a person’s ability to fall in loveRead MoreConflict Addressed : Guys Not Be Tried With One Girl849 Words   |  4 PagesAnna: (Sees her boyfriend Jeremy walking down the street talking on the phone looking shocked.) Who he talking to looking like that. He knows not to talk to any other girl because if he is he gonna regret being born. (Starts walking towards Jeremy) Jeremy: (On the phone sees Anna walking towards him so he ends the conversation.) Yeah, Okay, I’ll talk to you later†¦ okay bye. Anna: Who was that? (Trying to sneak a look at his phone screen) Let me see your phone why you hiding it from me. You know IRead MoreEssay on The Caretaker746 Words   |  3 Pagesand Davies is very limited they don’t seem to have much speech and when they do talk it is very effortless. ‘Sit down’ ‘thanks’ this is just simple as though they can’t really be bothered to talk to one another. From the type of speech you could work out that both Aston and Davies don’t really know each other very well and that this could be the reason for their lack of communication. The way in which Davies talks is as though he is nervous because he tends to repeat himself quite often ‘†¦ haven’tRead MoreProposal for Google Apps for Business1633 Words   |  7 PagesOverview 5 1.2. Business Opportunity 5 1.3. Vendor Profile 5 2. PROFILE OF COMPANIES DEPLOYED 6 2.1. Tontolino Global Ltd 6 2.2. Globasure 6 3. DEPLOYMENT OVERVIEW 7 3.1. Gmail 7 3.2. Google Calender 7 3.3. Google Docs 7 3.4. Google Talk 7 3.5. Google Drive 7 3.6. Benefits of Google Apps 8 4. Pricing 10 5. NEXT STEPS 11 INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------- Overview Friends for Africa, a non-governmental organization (NGO) with its operationalRead MoreDifferences in Communication Strategies of Men and Women Essay520 Words   |  3 Pagessay there is a large difference in the way men and women communicate. In the article, Where are Men and Women Today? Bly and Tannen describe women as rapport-talkers. Rapport-talk is using language as a way of establishing connections and relationships with others. They continue by stating that men use report-talk to communicate. It means that they attempt to preserve independence and maintain status in their communication. Classifying men and women in these two categories helps to explainRead MoreTalk So Teens Listen Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesHow to Talk So Teens Will Listen Getting your teen to listen can feel like a tug-of-war with each of you on opposite ends. It doesnt have to be this way, though. Talk so your teen will listen by setting a strong foundation and using smart communication techniques. Then, implement strategies so that power struggles are a thing of the past. ==Steps== ===Building a Good Foundation=== #Schedule the talk. An impromptu discussion lowers the odds that your teen will be prepared to give you their fullRead MoreLeave me Alone!! Im Trying to Work Out: Annoying People at the Gym883 Words   |  4 Pagesthree groups, the talkative people, the show-offs, and the haters. The first annoying person found in the gym is the talkative one. This type of person is someone who goes to the gym to run a few laps on a treadmill and use other machines in the gym. A talkative person, usually has a few extra pounds that they are trying to get rid of, and not only that they talk excessively oftentimes they have no idea how to work out properly. Most of the talkative people are not familiar with the right techniqueRead MoreGenetically Modified Food Is Terrible Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pages1. I think genetically modified food is terrible. Problem(s): Lack of focus. Revision: Genetically modified food is terrible because it has been linked to an increased risk of certain cancer types and its production involves extensive use of pesticides. 2. Public transportation has some advantages and disadvantages. Problem(s): Lack of supporting points. Revision: 3. The topic of this paper is women’s rights. Problem(s): Lack of focus. Revision: The topic of this paper is women’s rights which

Zora Neale Hurston and Women Oppression

Zora Neale Hurston and Women Oppression, Inferiority and Mistreatment Introduction Zora Neale Hurston is often rated as one of the best literature writers of the 20th Century. Hurston authored four novels and many short stories, essays and poems that were all critically acclaimed. Hurston was born near the end of the 19th Century in the Southern state of Alabama before she moved with her family to Florida as a child. She spent her early years as a student at different colleges and universities and at the same time collecting folklore from various places. She was an active participant of the Harlem Renaissance where she befriended famous authors and poets such as Langston Hughes. Hurston would later on become an acclaimed writer by her own right with her most famous work being ‘Their Eyes Were Watching God’. Other notable works are â€Å"Sweat† and â€Å"The Conscience of the Court†. One persistent theme in all these works is the plight of women in the society. More specifically, Hurston depicts the inferiority, unjust treatment and oppres sion that women are subjected to in the society, especially in marriages. Hurston works seems to indicate that during the early 1900’s, women were subjected to huge inferiority, oppression and mistreatments including domestic violent at a time where speaking out was unheard off. The mistreatment of women is obvious in Hurston’s most famous work â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God†. This works tells the story of Janie, who undergoes various tribulations in the hands of men. In the course of the novel, the protagonist, Janie is married three times and in all three marriages, she is subjected to emotional and physical abuse at the hands of men who view women as their property and possession (Sadoff, 15). In her first marriage, her husband Logan Killicks complains about her laziness and the fact that she does not do many domestic chores. In fact, when her husband was marrying her, he thought he was simply acquiring a domestic helper, and he becomes disillusioned after some time after he realizes the Janie is not much of a helper. Janie however is a hopeless romantic and believes that a marriage should be filled with love and when she cannot bear this loveless marriage anymore, she elopes with another man. Janie’s second husband Joe proves to be more abusive in nature. Once again, it is shown just how much mistreatment women go through. It also shows how men try to assert their dominance and power over men (Miles, 45). For example, Joe constantly abuses Janie, both physically and emotionally as a way of showing the power that he holds over her. He strikes her when she cooks him dinner that he deems to be unsatisfactory. In another incidence, Janie tries to show her defiance by verbally assaulting him in the presence of his friends and he physically assaults her. Joe is extremely controlling, and he does not only show his power by physically abusing Janie but by also forbidding her from various things and activities. For instance, he restricts Janie’s social life by a huge margin and does not allow her to interact with friends. He also goes as a far as choosing the clothes that she wears. Joe is also very critical of Janie. Janie them marries after Tea Cake and although are quite smooth in this marriage, it is nevertheless clear that even in the most seeming perfect marriage, women are still viewed as inferior and are still oppressed (Sadoff 33). Although Tea Cake treat her very differently than her previous husbands, it emerges that even amidst this, some masculine behavior standards are still expected, and one of them is physically striking women. Janie is struck by Tea Cake not because he is angry and needs to do it, but just because the society expects him to do it. He is expected to show his authority over the women, and he does this by whipping Janice. A marriage is not considered complete unless it involves some few blows to the woman. In regards to Tea Cake’s physical abuse of Janice, Hurston writes that â€Å"Before that week was over he had whipped Janie. Not because her behavior justified his jealousy, but it relieved the awful fear inside him. Being able to whip her reassured him in passion. No brutal beating at all. He just slapped her around a bit to show he was  boss† (Hurston 140). The inferiority, oppression and mistreatment of women is further evident in Hurston’s other famous work Sweat. Sweat tells the story of Delia, hardworking black woman who earns a living by washing clothes for the white man. She loves her job as it brings food on the table. Delia is married to Sykes, an oppressive man who does not work. He constantly oppresses and ridicules Delia for working for the white man. The irony here is that it is the money that Delia earns from her work that puts the food on the table. Sykes is obviously abusive towards Delia, and he tries to antagonize her even further by playing on her fear for snakes (Sadoff 61). For instance, one day, her husband casually lays his bullwhip that resembles snake on Delia’s shoulder and this causes her to be hugely freighted. Delia is very angry and scolds her husband for this. Sykes however does not exhibit any bit of concern and goes on to yell at her admonishing her for bringing clothes to the house, something that de does not obviously like. Delia attempts to ignore him as she is not in a mood to fight, but Sykes is determined to fight and he therefore continues provoking her, for example by kicking a neat pile of clothes that she had arranged  (Davis 150). Delia reaches her breaking point, and screams at her husband about just how hard she works to support them and picks a piece of metal from the stove as if to strike him (Davies, 39). This particular action is a depiction of the huge oppression that Delia has been subjected to and that she has bottled inside her all this time. In fact, he husband is quite taken aback because he expects to exert his dominance and power once again over his wife without her responding in any way. In fact, Hurston writes that the episode from Delia â€Å"cowed him, and he did not strike her as he usually did† (Miles 78). This quote once again reveals the physical violence that women are subjected to. Things only get worse and in an effort to antagonize his wife even further Psyches buys a pet snake. This however proves to be his main undoing as one day the snake bites him and instead of helping him, Delia simply lets him die after all the oppression that he has caused her. The other work by Zola Hurston that further depicts the inferiority, the oppression, and the mistreatment that women in the society are subjected to is in ‘The Conscience of the Court’. This story is a depiction of the inferiority of women in the society. The main protagonist, Laura Lee Kimble is an unlearned black woman who is accused of murder. She is accused of murder although from the onset; it is clear that she is not responsible for the murder. However, because of her gender and her lack of education, her chances of redemption seem very bleak (Croft 59). She cannot even comprehend the words and vocabulary being used during her trial, and she is offered no legal counsel. When she even goes to the stand and makes her plea, she is immediately dismissed. Her inferiority causes her to resign herself to those deciding the case saying that she does not even know if she is guilty or not and it is the deciding parties who are to tell her. The â€Å"The Conscience of the Court’† just the other previous discussed work once again shows the huge inferiority that women in the society are usually held at. It shows the struggle that women go through and how they are often judged by society’s higher powers including men (Croft 80). In this case, however, Kimble is lucky because she is acquitted. Conclusion Zola Neale Hurston is without a doubt one of the greatest writers of the 20 the Century. She might not have been appreciated much in her time, but today, her works reflect issues that plagued the society during her time. As seen, one the things she describes is the inferiority, oppression and mistreatment of women in the society. In the discussed works, it is shown just how much women were treated as second-grade citizens at a time when they could not speak out about their experiences. Works Cited Croft, Robert Wayne.  A Zora Neale Hurston Companion. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002. Davies, Kathleen. Zora Neale Hurstons Poetics of Embalmment: Articulating the Rage of Black Women and Narrative Self-Defense.  African American Review  26.1 (1992): 147-159. Hurston, Zora Neale.  Their Eyes Were Watching God: A Novel. New York: Perennial Library, 1990. Print. King, Lovalerie. Miles, Diana.  Women, violence testimony in the works of Zora Neale Hurston. P. Lang, 2003 Sadoff, Dianne F. Black Matrilineage: The Case of Alice Walker and Zora Neale Hurston.  Signs  (1985): 4-26. Zora Neale Hurston.  The Cambridge Companion to American Novelists  (2013): 146.

Exploring the Positive Punishment Effect Among...

In a quantitative analysis of the effectiveness of incarceration of individuals in preventing crime and especially preventing those particular individuals from repeating crime, Peter Wood concluded that several different mechanisms may in fact contribute to recidivism. Wood acknowledges the work of others in the field that have noted that statistically the experience of being incarcerated increased the likelihood that an individual will commit future criminal behavior. He continues to note the hypotheses of other researchers that such counter-intuitive statistics could be explained by a theory of defiance whereby after an individual receives punishment that they feel is unjust or unfair they begin to develop a sense of defiance against†¦show more content†¦The data showed that past punishment experiences had significant positive relationships with the perceived likelihood of re-offending whereas the two measures of current punishment had significant negative relationships wi th the perceived likelihood of re-offending. Wood hypothesized that the immediacy of being punished in the present may reduce the respondents self-stated likelihood to commit additional crimes but that when the punishment has been served they return to increased recidivism. He also noted that understanding the level of the individuals exposure to agencies of control throughout their life was essential to understanding the presumed positive effect and conversely and presumed deterrent effect. Others have noted that something of the experience of delinquent activity itself is rewarding in a non-economical manner thus the activities themselves are not economic in nature. Wood added to this noting that subsequently this seems very consistent with the social learning theory since something within the act itself is the motivating factor for the individual who will then go on to continue their involvement in similar future acts. This nonsocial reinforcement, Wood adds, could be for someSho w MoreRelatedThe Center For Children of Incarcerated Parents Essay2452 Words   |  10 PagesThe social welfare program identified for the purpose of this paper is the Center for Children of Incarcerated parents. The social problem for which it was designed to address is that of the effects of parental incarceration on children and families of the incarcerated. Its’ target population, children and families of the incarcerated. This paper will explore how services are provided and its source of funding. Additionally, it will seek to provide an understanding of theRead MoreThe Saints And The Roughnecks By William Chambliss1512 Words   |  7 Pageswill discuss the implications of labeling specifically in the articles â€Å"The Saints and the Roughnecks† by William Chambliss and â€Å"On Being Sane In Insane Places† by David Rosenhan. Additionally, I will be discussing the far-reaching effects of negative labeling an individual, with respect to concepts such as labeling theory, the self-fulfilling prophecy, and master status. In â€Å"The Saints and the Roughnecks,† Chambliss describes two gangs at Hannibal High school, the Saints, eight promising young menRead MoreThe Punitive And Rehabilitative Approach As An Indispensable Part Of The Criminal Justice Reform Issue3487 Words   |  14 PagesOverview Offender incarceration is an indispensable part of the criminal justice reform issue. This paper contrasts the punitive and rehabilitative approach as two central areas of offender incarceration. The contemporary society presents individuals with divergent viewpoints on methods of dealing with offenders. A section of the public believes that offender incarceration is not an effective method of dealing with offenders. Most offenders from prison end up engaging in criminal activities and findRead MoreEarly Intervention Reducing Recidivism Among Children and Adolescent Offenders1991 Words   |  8 PagesEarly Intervention reducing recidivism among children and adolescent offenders Student number: s2875363 Student name: Kate O’Reilly Course name: CCJ10 Introduction to Forensic PsychologyRead MoreThe History of Boot Camps2332 Words   |  10 Pageslaw using the same tactics successfully employed by the military to turn civilians into soldiers. This reliance on a military atmosphere still provokes controversy over boot camp programs, with proponents arguing that the rigid discipline promotes positive behavior. (Clear, 1997; Cowels, 1995) BEGINNINGS Since their beginning in 1983 in Georgia, boot camps have spread to half the States and have gained wide popular appeal for their get tough policies. Proponents of boot camps cite their potentialRead MoreAnalysis Of Jean Valjean s Les Miserables 7860 Words   |  32 Pagesgreat deal of time spent exploring the decision that changed his life (Hugo, 2015). Each year, thousands of adults all in the United States go to prison for crimes that may both minor and atrocious. Almost as many incarcerated adults will leave their prison walls to be once again reunited with families and communities that they left behind. While there are some stories of successful reintegration into families and communities, many others fail and end up being re-incarcerated, a process known as recidivismRead MoreShould Mental Illness Be Taken Into Account in Determining Punishment?3184 Words   |  13 Pagesbehavior is not responsive to their choices in such a manner as to reflect those who do possess free will. When examining this viewpoint in further detail as it relates to mental illness playing an integral role in punishment, it is important to consider whether or not an individual can truly possess free will while at the same time having ones choices and behaviors determined by a greater force, as well. When one attempts to distinguish the principle essence of such theorists as David Hume, itRead MoreDoes the Perceived Risk of Punishment Deter Criminally Prone Individuals - Rational Choice, Self-Control and Crime.Pdf14337 Words   |  58 PagesJournal of Research in Crime and Delinquency http://jrc.sagepub.com/ Does the Perceived Risk of Punishment Deter Criminally Prone Individuals? Rational Choice, Self-Control, and Crime Bradley R. E. Wright, Avshalom Caspi, Terrie E. Moffitt and Ray Paternoster Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 2004 41: 180 DOI: 10.1177/0022427803260263 The online version of this article can be found at: http://jrc.sagepub.com/content/41/2/180 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalfRead MoreEpekto Ng Polusyon19213 Words   |  77 PagesDomestic violence: Moving On A Qualitative Investigation Exploring How women Move On From Violent Relationships Researcher: Carole Le Darcy Supervisor: Dr Sue Becker Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincerest thanks and gratitude to all of the exceptionally strong women that participated in this research that have freely given not only some of their precious and valuable time but have also revealed that which is sadly all too often concealed; the remarkable, courageous and oftenRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesBuilding Relationships by Communicating Supportively Gaining Power and Influence 279 Motivating Others 323 Managing Conflict 373 PART III GROUP SKILLS 438 8 Empowering and Delegating 439 9 Building Effective Teams and Teamwork 489 10 Leading Positive Change 533 PART IV SPECIFIC COMMUNICATION SKILLS 590 591 Supplement A Making Oral and Written Presentations Supplement B Conducting Interviews 619 Supplement C Conducting Meetings 651 Appendix I Glossary 673 Appendix II References 683 Name

A Critical Analysis of Michael Jordan and the New Global...

A Critical Analysis of Michael Jordan and the New Global Capitalism In the history of business, there has been a clear record of industry heads finding something or someone as a mainstay and bedrock for their respective companies or corporations; there is often a chief product that keeps many businesses afloat, even in the rough times. Apple found its own in 2001 with the iPod. McDonalds has had the Big Mac since the late 1960s. Nike, however, found their goldmine in a person with Michael Jordan. Walter LaFebers Michael Jordan and the New Global Capitalism tells the paints the picture of the rise of young Michael Jordan from his middle-class family in racist North Carolina up through college and into the NBA where he becomes an†¦show more content†¦Stemming away from Jordan personally, it also touches on how the expansion of Nike created issues with regard to race by way of cultural and value-based analysis of black culture and effect that the Air Jordan shoe had on its people. One example of which is shown from the black on black crim e that ensued as a result of the marketing of the Air Jordan in the 1990s. Significance in the arena black business is also evident. Obvious significance is shown from the growth of the business of Michael Jordan himself. It shows how a single man can amass wealth starting one-dimensionally as a person with extraordinary athletic talent and transitioning into one who takes the reigns as the leader of his own division of a transnational corporation while still working to his own and his brands marketability. Its also subtly important to show how the Nike product also spiked the dollar seen by inner city ‘mom and pop athletic apparel stores, mostly black owned. Chapter 4 touches on the effect of the Air Jordan on inner cities, both good and bad, and even though there was crime and drug money involved with the sales of Air Jordans, it is still hard to ignore the increase of money that resulted as well. Lastly, LaFebers book provides informational significance of the expansi on of global capitalism in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. It not only shows how Nike became the worlds largest company in sports apparel but also how the Chicago Bulls organization increasedShow MoreRelatedThe Study Of Popular Culture2197 Words   |  9 Pagesstripes as either meaningless escapism or a dangerous narcotic† (Cullen 2). Popular culture is a form of escapism; however, I would argue against those intellectuals calling it meaningless, as we have also learned from Cullen, the elites will reject new forms of popular culture. Returning to escapism, an example we have seen is in comic books. Adolescent boys would turn to comics as a source of escapism. For example, lower-class second-generation Jewish immigrants, searching for their place to fitRead MoreThe Themes Of Popular Culture2241 Words   |  9 Pageseither meaningless escapism or a dangerous narcotic† (Cullen 2). Popular culture is a form of escapism; however, I would argue against those intell ectuals calling it meaningless, because, as we have also learned from Cullen, the elites will reject new forms of popular culture. Returning to escapism, an example we have seen is in comic books. Adolescent boys would turn to comics as a source of escapism. For example, lower-class second-generation Jewish immigrants, searching for their place to fitRead MoreEntry Mode8011 Words   |  33 PagesImplications and future challenges. 1. Choice of market entry mode – a critical issue in international marketing The interest in market entry mode choice originates from the theory of international investment. It was studied as a problem with distinctive feature, extent, form and pattern of international production (Southard 1931; Hymer 1960; Caves 1971 and 1974; Dunning 1958 and 1977). 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Doh Villanova University INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrievalRead MoreSelected Topics24764 Words   |  100 PagesProxy (FCP) = VEC of Explanatory Variables + DUTMPI+DUCMPI Data: There exist numerous macroeconomic variables, which can qualify as good proxies for the initial conditions. In this paper, there are twelve variables, which are thought to be critical in explaining output response during crises; and these form the core variables that are specifically interested in. 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How Does Music Affect Your Mood Essay Example For Students

How Does Music Affect Your Mood Essay Many studies have shown that the simple answer is yes. Music is an international language in a sense. You may not be able to speak Korean, but the song, Kananga Style, was popular in the United States for some time. If a tune is catchy and people can dance to the song, everyone can speak music. After all, music has been around for a really long time. The amount of activity that popular sites such as, Pandora or Spottily also suggests how much music is a part of our culture today. Studies continue to show that music is an important part of our health. According to Ferguson research in The Journal of Positive Psychology, people can improve their overall happiness in Just two weeks by listening to the right music. In his study, he conducted an experiment which involved having people listen to music that was upbeat as well as sad music such as, Stravinsky. The participants that listened to upbeat music, including Copeland and other similar artists, reported oiling happier and ready to have fun. The other participants who listened to music that wasnt as upbeat reported feeling gloomier and not as happy before. In a similar study, The Journal of Consumer Research explained that people who had Just been through a sad event in their life heavily preferred sad music over happy music. In the same study, the participants who had been through a sad or frustrating event such as, breaking up with a boyfriend or girlfriend, getting in trouble, or being stood p on a date explained that after listening to sad music, they felt a little better about what had happened. For this reason, people often use music as therapy. On a similar note, music has an enormous effect on our brain. It can often trigger multiple secondary responses such as, moving with the music or tapping your foot to the beat. This happens due to the stimulation of neurons in the motor cortex of your brain. Moving to the music or tapping your foot can, incidentally improve your mood. Music as also shown to increase energy. Recent studies have shown that if you listen to music while you work out, you can get one to two more reps on average in every set you do. So does music affect your mood? Studies would indicate it does. But, music doesnt Just affect your mood. Music affects life. People spend money to buy it, listen to it live, or Just enjoy it while their driving down the highway. It can become a large part of your life depending on how much you listen to it or how much you pay attention when you listen.

Banana Peels Biosorption free essay sample

The acute and chronic effects of these heavy metals especially lead have been a worldwide concern. In fact in April 2000 the use of leaded gasoline was phased out in Metro Manila, such movement was partly due to the implementation of Clean Air Act of 1 999 as well as the environmental concern of previous president Fidel V. Ramose Add an intro here about the presence and sources of lead and correlate it with the possibility of contaminating waters.Conventional methods for metal removal in water include chemical precipitation, lime coagulation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis and solvent extraction Although this methods for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater, however, are often cost prohibitive having inadequate efficiencies at low metal concentrations, particularly in the range of 1 to DID MGM/L.Some of these methods, furthermore, generate toxic sludge, the disposal of which is a burden on the techno-economic feasibility of treatment procedures The search for new technologies i nvolving the removal of toxic metals from wastewater has directed attention to absorption, based on metal binding capacities of various biological materials. Absorption can be defined as the ability of biological materials to accumulate heavy metals from wastewater through metabolically mediated or physics-chemical pathways of uptake [4].Absorption for the removal of heavy metal ions may provide an attractive alternative to physics-chemical methods The major advantages of absorption over conventional treatment methods include low cost, high efficiency of metal removal from dilute solution, minimization of chemical and/or biological sludge, no additional nutrient requirement, and regeneration of absorbent and the possibility of metal recovery [3]. In this present study, Muss sapient L. Eels, which are available in large quantities or from business operations may have potential to be used as low cost De-leading agent, as they represent unused resources, widely available ND are environmentally friendly. 1. 2 Significance of the Study The researcher aims to generate a low-cost De-leading agent that may be beneficial to the following: Readers -Generating awareness of the readers about the prevalence and increasing concern for heavy metal contamination of Philippine waters.Researchers To help them in developing an inexpensive and effective absorbent that is easily available in large quantities in the Philippines and feasible economically for lead contaminated water. Policy Makers They would be able to create policies about waste water treatments in factories and as well as those who are engaged in the retirement facility of water consumed by the public like MANILAS. 1. 2 Statement of the Problems Conventional methods of removing lead from the environment are said to be cost-prohibitive and generate toxic sludge. In this study the researches sought answers to the following problems: 1 .Can the peels of Muss sapient (L. ) (Fame. Mustache) reduce the level of lead ions from contaminated water. 2. What is the optimum pH of the solution for banana peels to exhibit maximum Absorption capacity? 3. What is the effect of contact time on the Absorption capacity of banana peels? 4. What is the effect of initial metal concentration of lead in the solution to the amount of lead adsorbed by the banana peels? 1. 3 Objectives of the study 1. 3. 1 General Objective The general objective of this study is: 1 . To determine the potential absorbent capacity of the peels of Muss sapient (L. ) (Fame.Mustache). 1. 3. 2 specific Objectives: The specific objectives of this study are: 1 . Determine if banana peels can reduce the level of lead ions from contaminated water 2. Determine the optimum pH by which banana peels exhibit maximum absorption capacity 3. Determine the optimum contact time and the effect of contact time on sorption capacity of banana peels 4. Determine the effect of initial lead concentration on amount of lead adsorbed by the banana peels 1. 3. 1 Hypothesis Ho 1: The fruit peels of Muss sapient (L. ) (Fame. Mustache) can reduce the level of lead ions in contaminated water. Ha 1: The fruit peels of Muss sapient (L. ) (Fame. Mustache) cannot reduce Ho 2: Maximum lead ion removal by banana peel is at pH 3. Ha 2: Maximum lead ion removal by banana peel is not at pH 3. Ho 3: There is no direct relationship between contact time and absorption capacity of banana peels, up to a certain extent. Absorption kinetics does to follow a pseudo-second-order model. Ha 3: There is a direct relationship between contact time and absorption capacity Of banana peels, up to a certain extent. Absorption kinetics follows a pseudo-second-order model.Ho 4: There is no direct relationship between initial concentration of chromium in the solution and amount of chromium adsorbed by the banana peels, as best described by Languid isotherm model. Ha 3: There is a direct relationship between initial concentration of peels, as best described by Languid isotherm model Scope and Delimitations Samples were collected in a street vendor along U. N. Avenue. The specific research was conducted at EACH School of Pharmacy 7th floor E 7- laboratory room, and use of instruments such as Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was performed in De La Scale University-Taft, Manila.The study evaluates the absorbent effect of Muss sapient L. (Banana peel) for Lead-contaminated water solution. The study focused on Lead-contaminated water solution only. The study did not focus on the lead content of banana peels per SE. Chapter II Review of Related Literature 2. 1 Lead in the Environment Lead is a gray, soft, and malleable metal that exists naturally as a mixture of three isotopes. It serves as one Of the most important heavy metal contaminants [6]. According to the WHO, Lead poisoning is one of the most significant environmental health threats that children face. Exposure to even low levels of lead may lead to impairment of childhood cognitive function and abnormal infant behavior. It was reported that 21% of 2861 children living in the rural Philippines had elevated levels of lead in whole blood Lead is a classified as possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and also listed by the United States-Environmental Protection Agency as one of priority contaminants. Removal of Lead from wastewater before they are released is of high importance, due to its detrimental health effects for humans. 8] 2. 2 Absorption as a solution Absorption serves as a potential cost-effective alternative in the removal of heavy metals in water through adsorption [8]. Most absorption related studies focused on several fungal strains and several species Of marine algae [9]. Absorption is a physic-chemical adsorption whereby metal ions become attached to the biomass surface It can be defined as the ability of biological materials to ac cumulate heavy metals from wastewater through metabolically edited or physics-chemical pathways of uptake [4]. The major advantages of absorption over conventional treatment methods include low cost, high efficiency of metal removal from dilute solution, minimization of chemical and/or biological sludge, no additional nutrient requirement, and regeneration of absorbent and the possibility of metal recovery 2. 3 Potential use of Banana Peels Banana (Muss SP. ) peel is an abundant and low cost agricultural waste residue and is easily available in large quantities. Cache et al. [2009] investigated the efficiency of banana peel as a absorbent for removal of Heinlein compounds from Olive mill wastewater.Transylvania et al. [2010] and Lie et al. [2007] was demonstrated to convert solid fruit peel residue into an effective adsorbent for the adsorption of metal ions and compared the activity with activated carbon. Lemon peel, orange peel, and banana peel as adsorbents for the removal Of various metal ions such as cue(al), In(al), Zen(al), BP(al), and Cd(al). Muss sapient peels were analyzed for minerals, nutritional and anti- nutritional contents. The result of mineral content analysis indicates the presence of potassium, calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, bromide, podium, strontium, zirconium, and niobium.Protein, crude lipid, carbohydrate and crude fiber were also indicated. The peels of Muss sapient, if exploited and processed properly, could be a high-quality and cheap source of carbohydrates and minerals for livestock [4]. The Muss sapient peels, which is usually ignored and treated as waste could be domesticated for proper utilization and use [10]. Morphological Properties of Banana Muss sapient which is commonly called banana is a herbaceous plant of the family Mustache. The banana plant is the largest herbaceous flowering plant.The main or upright stem is actually a pseudonym, growing from a corm, to a height of 6 to 7. 6 meters. Leaves are spirally arranged, as long as 2. 7 meters and 60 CM wide, fragile and easily torn by wind, with the familiar frond look. Each pseudonym produces a single bunch of bananas; the pseudonym dies after fruiting, as offshoots usually develop from the base of the plant. Each pseudonym produces a single inflorescence, the banana heart, containing many bracts between rows of flowers. The banana fruits develop from the heart, in a hanging cluster made up of tiers (hands), up to 20 fruit to a tier.According to the study conducted by Engage et al. , shows the concentration of potassium to be highest (78. MGM/g). The concentration (MGM/egg) of calcium, sodium, iron, and manganese were 19. 20, 24. 30, 0. 61 and 76. 20 respectively. The appreciable high content of potassium signifies that if the peel is taken, it will help in the regulation of body fluids and maintained normal blood pressure. Chapter 3 Materials and Methods Modify the procedures in chapter 3 1 already changed the objectives and hypothesis. 3. Collection of Plant Material Banana peels (Muss sapient L), biomass will be collected from the local racket. The biomass will be dried in sun for fifteen days. The buds will be removed and further dried in sun for another fifteen days. This biomass will be washed with tap water to remove any dust or foreign particles attached to biomass and thoroughly rinsed with distilled water. The washed biomass will be dried at chic and ground to powder using mortar and pestle. Grinded biomass will be further thoroughly washed with distilled water till the color of washing water clear.The powdered biomass will be dried in oven at SOC to a constant weight. The absorbent will be again ground to powder and careened using a sieve of mesh size 80 to an approximate size of 1. 5-2 millimeter. [1] 3. 2 Reagent Preparation Stock solution of lead (MGM/L) will be prepared by dissolving the desired quantity of hydrated lead acetate in distilled water. Other concentrations will be obtained by proper dilution of stock solution. The chemicals used will be Of analytical reagent grade. [1] 3. 3 Determination of Absorption Capacity Absorption studies will be carried out by batch process.

Banana Peels Biosorption free essay sample

The acute and chronic effects of these heavy metals especially lead have been a worldwide concern. In fact in April 2000 the use of leaded gasoline was phased out in Metro Manila, such movement was partly due to the implementation of Clean Air Act of 1 999 as well as the environmental concern of previous president Fidel V. Ramose Add an intro here about the presence and sources of lead and correlate it with the possibility of contaminating waters.Conventional methods for metal removal in water include chemical precipitation, lime coagulation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis and solvent extraction Although this methods for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater, however, are often cost prohibitive having inadequate efficiencies at low metal concentrations, particularly in the range of 1 to DID MGM/L.Some of these methods, furthermore, generate toxic sludge, the disposal of which is a burden on the techno-economic feasibility of treatment procedures The search for new technologies i nvolving the removal of toxic metals from wastewater has directed attention to absorption, based on metal binding capacities of various biological materials. Absorption can be defined as the ability of biological materials to accumulate heavy metals from wastewater through metabolically mediated or physics-chemical pathways of uptake [4].Absorption for the removal of heavy metal ions may provide an attractive alternative to physics-chemical methods The major advantages of absorption over conventional treatment methods include low cost, high efficiency of metal removal from dilute solution, minimization of chemical and/or biological sludge, no additional nutrient requirement, and regeneration of absorbent and the possibility of metal recovery [3]. In this present study, Muss sapient L. Eels, which are available in large quantities or from business operations may have potential to be used as low cost De-leading agent, as they represent unused resources, widely available ND are environmentally friendly. 1. 2 Significance of the Study The researcher aims to generate a low-cost De-leading agent that may be beneficial to the following: Readers -Generating awareness of the readers about the prevalence and increasing concern for heavy metal contamination of Philippine waters.Researchers To help them in developing an inexpensive and effective absorbent that is easily available in large quantities in the Philippines and feasible economically for lead contaminated water. Policy Makers They would be able to create policies about waste water treatments in factories and as well as those who are engaged in the retirement facility of water consumed by the public like MANILAS. 1. 2 Statement of the Problems Conventional methods of removing lead from the environment are said to be cost-prohibitive and generate toxic sludge. In this study the researches sought answers to the following problems: 1 .Can the peels of Muss sapient (L. ) (Fame. Mustache) reduce the level of lead ions from contaminated water. 2. What is the optimum pH of the solution for banana peels to exhibit maximum Absorption capacity? 3. What is the effect of contact time on the Absorption capacity of banana peels? 4. What is the effect of initial metal concentration of lead in the solution to the amount of lead adsorbed by the banana peels? 1. 3 Objectives of the study 1. 3. 1 General Objective The general objective of this study is: 1 . To determine the potential absorbent capacity of the peels of Muss sapient (L. ) (Fame.Mustache). 1. 3. 2 specific Objectives: The specific objectives of this study are: 1 . Determine if banana peels can reduce the level of lead ions from contaminated water 2. Determine the optimum pH by which banana peels exhibit maximum absorption capacity 3. Determine the optimum contact time and the effect of contact time on sorption capacity of banana peels 4. Determine the effect of initial lead concentration on amount of lead adsorbed by the banana peels 1. 3. 1 Hypothesis Ho 1: The fruit peels of Muss sapient (L. ) (Fame. Mustache) can reduce the level of lead ions in contaminated water. Ha 1: The fruit peels of Muss sapient (L. ) (Fame. Mustache) cannot reduce Ho 2: Maximum lead ion removal by banana peel is at pH 3. Ha 2: Maximum lead ion removal by banana peel is not at pH 3. Ho 3: There is no direct relationship between contact time and absorption capacity of banana peels, up to a certain extent. Absorption kinetics does to follow a pseudo-second-order model. Ha 3: There is a direct relationship between contact time and absorption capacity Of banana peels, up to a certain extent. Absorption kinetics follows a pseudo-second-order model.Ho 4: There is no direct relationship between initial concentration of chromium in the solution and amount of chromium adsorbed by the banana peels, as best described by Languid isotherm model. Ha 3: There is a direct relationship between initial concentration of peels, as best described by Languid isotherm model Scope and Delimitations Samples were collected in a street vendor along U. N. Avenue. The specific research was conducted at EACH School of Pharmacy 7th floor E 7- laboratory room, and use of instruments such as Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was performed in De La Scale University-Taft, Manila.The study evaluates the absorbent effect of Muss sapient L. (Banana peel) for Lead-contaminated water solution. The study focused on Lead-contaminated water solution only. The study did not focus on the lead content of banana peels per SE. Chapter II Review of Related Literature 2. 1 Lead in the Environment Lead is a gray, soft, and malleable metal that exists naturally as a mixture of three isotopes. It serves as one Of the most important heavy metal contaminants [6]. According to the WHO, Lead poisoning is one of the most significant environmental health threats that children face. Exposure to even low levels of lead may lead to impairment of childhood cognitive function and abnormal infant behavior. It was reported that 21% of 2861 children living in the rural Philippines had elevated levels of lead in whole blood Lead is a classified as possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and also listed by the United States-Environmental Protection Agency as one of priority contaminants. Removal of Lead from wastewater before they are released is of high importance, due to its detrimental health effects for humans. 8] 2. 2 Absorption as a solution Absorption serves as a potential cost-effective alternative in the removal of heavy metals in water through adsorption [8]. Most absorption related studies focused on several fungal strains and several species Of marine algae [9]. Absorption is a physic-chemical adsorption whereby metal ions become attached to the biomass surface It can be defined as the ability of biological materials to ac cumulate heavy metals from wastewater through metabolically edited or physics-chemical pathways of uptake [4]. The major advantages of absorption over conventional treatment methods include low cost, high efficiency of metal removal from dilute solution, minimization of chemical and/or biological sludge, no additional nutrient requirement, and regeneration of absorbent and the possibility of metal recovery 2. 3 Potential use of Banana Peels Banana (Muss SP. ) peel is an abundant and low cost agricultural waste residue and is easily available in large quantities. Cache et al. [2009] investigated the efficiency of banana peel as a absorbent for removal of Heinlein compounds from Olive mill wastewater.Transylvania et al. [2010] and Lie et al. [2007] was demonstrated to convert solid fruit peel residue into an effective adsorbent for the adsorption of metal ions and compared the activity with activated carbon. Lemon peel, orange peel, and banana peel as adsorbents for the removal Of various metal ions such as cue(al), In(al), Zen(al), BP(al), and Cd(al). Muss sapient peels were analyzed for minerals, nutritional and anti- nutritional contents. The result of mineral content analysis indicates the presence of potassium, calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, bromide, podium, strontium, zirconium, and niobium.Protein, crude lipid, carbohydrate and crude fiber were also indicated. The peels of Muss sapient, if exploited and processed properly, could be a high-quality and cheap source of carbohydrates and minerals for livestock [4]. The Muss sapient peels, which is usually ignored and treated as waste could be domesticated for proper utilization and use [10]. Morphological Properties of Banana Muss sapient which is commonly called banana is a herbaceous plant of the family Mustache. The banana plant is the largest herbaceous flowering plant.The main or upright stem is actually a pseudonym, growing from a corm, to a height of 6 to 7. 6 meters. Leaves are spirally arranged, as long as 2. 7 meters and 60 CM wide, fragile and easily torn by wind, with the familiar frond look. Each pseudonym produces a single bunch of bananas; the pseudonym dies after fruiting, as offshoots usually develop from the base of the plant. Each pseudonym produces a single inflorescence, the banana heart, containing many bracts between rows of flowers. The banana fruits develop from the heart, in a hanging cluster made up of tiers (hands), up to 20 fruit to a tier.According to the study conducted by Engage et al. , shows the concentration of potassium to be highest (78. MGM/g). The concentration (MGM/egg) of calcium, sodium, iron, and manganese were 19. 20, 24. 30, 0. 61 and 76. 20 respectively. The appreciable high content of potassium signifies that if the peel is taken, it will help in the regulation of body fluids and maintained normal blood pressure. Chapter 3 Materials and Methods Modify the procedures in chapter 3 1 already changed the objectives and hypothesis. 3. Collection of Plant Material Banana peels (Muss sapient L), biomass will be collected from the local racket. The biomass will be dried in sun for fifteen days. The buds will be removed and further dried in sun for another fifteen days. This biomass will be washed with tap water to remove any dust or foreign particles attached to biomass and thoroughly rinsed with distilled water. The washed biomass will be dried at chic and ground to powder using mortar and pestle. Grinded biomass will be further thoroughly washed with distilled water till the color of washing water clear.The powdered biomass will be dried in oven at SOC to a constant weight. The absorbent will be again ground to powder and careened using a sieve of mesh size 80 to an approximate size of 1. 5-2 millimeter. [1] 3. 2 Reagent Preparation Stock solution of lead (MGM/L) will be prepared by dissolving the desired quantity of hydrated lead acetate in distilled water. Other concentrations will be obtained by proper dilution of stock solution. The chemicals used will be Of analytical reagent grade. [1] 3. 3 Determination of Absorption Capacity Absorption studies will be carried out by batch process.

Banana Peels Biosorption free essay sample

The acute and chronic effects of these heavy metals especially lead have been a worldwide concern. In fact in April 2000 the use of leaded gasoline was phased out in Metro Manila, such movement was partly due to the implementation of Clean Air Act of 1 999 as well as the environmental concern of previous president Fidel V. Ramose Add an intro here about the presence and sources of lead and correlate it with the possibility of contaminating waters.Conventional methods for metal removal in water include chemical precipitation, lime coagulation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis and solvent extraction Although this methods for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater, however, are often cost prohibitive having inadequate efficiencies at low metal concentrations, particularly in the range of 1 to DID MGM/L.Some of these methods, furthermore, generate toxic sludge, the disposal of which is a burden on the techno-economic feasibility of treatment procedures The search for new technologies i nvolving the removal of toxic metals from wastewater has directed attention to absorption, based on metal binding capacities of various biological materials. Absorption can be defined as the ability of biological materials to accumulate heavy metals from wastewater through metabolically mediated or physics-chemical pathways of uptake [4].Absorption for the removal of heavy metal ions may provide an attractive alternative to physics-chemical methods The major advantages of absorption over conventional treatment methods include low cost, high efficiency of metal removal from dilute solution, minimization of chemical and/or biological sludge, no additional nutrient requirement, and regeneration of absorbent and the possibility of metal recovery [3]. In this present study, Muss sapient L. Eels, which are available in large quantities or from business operations may have potential to be used as low cost De-leading agent, as they represent unused resources, widely available ND are environmentally friendly. 1. 2 Significance of the Study The researcher aims to generate a low-cost De-leading agent that may be beneficial to the following: Readers -Generating awareness of the readers about the prevalence and increasing concern for heavy metal contamination of Philippine waters.Researchers To help them in developing an inexpensive and effective absorbent that is easily available in large quantities in the Philippines and feasible economically for lead contaminated water. Policy Makers They would be able to create policies about waste water treatments in factories and as well as those who are engaged in the retirement facility of water consumed by the public like MANILAS. 1. 2 Statement of the Problems Conventional methods of removing lead from the environment are said to be cost-prohibitive and generate toxic sludge. In this study the researches sought answers to the following problems: 1 .Can the peels of Muss sapient (L. ) (Fame. Mustache) reduce the level of lead ions from contaminated water. 2. What is the optimum pH of the solution for banana peels to exhibit maximum Absorption capacity? 3. What is the effect of contact time on the Absorption capacity of banana peels? 4. What is the effect of initial metal concentration of lead in the solution to the amount of lead adsorbed by the banana peels? 1. 3 Objectives of the study 1. 3. 1 General Objective The general objective of this study is: 1 . To determine the potential absorbent capacity of the peels of Muss sapient (L. ) (Fame.Mustache). 1. 3. 2 specific Objectives: The specific objectives of this study are: 1 . Determine if banana peels can reduce the level of lead ions from contaminated water 2. Determine the optimum pH by which banana peels exhibit maximum absorption capacity 3. Determine the optimum contact time and the effect of contact time on sorption capacity of banana peels 4. Determine the effect of initial lead concentration on amount of lead adsorbed by the banana peels 1. 3. 1 Hypothesis Ho 1: The fruit peels of Muss sapient (L. ) (Fame. Mustache) can reduce the level of lead ions in contaminated water. Ha 1: The fruit peels of Muss sapient (L. ) (Fame. Mustache) cannot reduce Ho 2: Maximum lead ion removal by banana peel is at pH 3. Ha 2: Maximum lead ion removal by banana peel is not at pH 3. Ho 3: There is no direct relationship between contact time and absorption capacity of banana peels, up to a certain extent. Absorption kinetics does to follow a pseudo-second-order model. Ha 3: There is a direct relationship between contact time and absorption capacity Of banana peels, up to a certain extent. Absorption kinetics follows a pseudo-second-order model.Ho 4: There is no direct relationship between initial concentration of chromium in the solution and amount of chromium adsorbed by the banana peels, as best described by Languid isotherm model. Ha 3: There is a direct relationship between initial concentration of peels, as best described by Languid isotherm model Scope and Delimitations Samples were collected in a street vendor along U. N. Avenue. The specific research was conducted at EACH School of Pharmacy 7th floor E 7- laboratory room, and use of instruments such as Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was performed in De La Scale University-Taft, Manila.The study evaluates the absorbent effect of Muss sapient L. (Banana peel) for Lead-contaminated water solution. The study focused on Lead-contaminated water solution only. The study did not focus on the lead content of banana peels per SE. Chapter II Review of Related Literature 2. 1 Lead in the Environment Lead is a gray, soft, and malleable metal that exists naturally as a mixture of three isotopes. It serves as one Of the most important heavy metal contaminants [6]. According to the WHO, Lead poisoning is one of the most significant environmental health threats that children face. Exposure to even low levels of lead may lead to impairment of childhood cognitive function and abnormal infant behavior. It was reported that 21% of 2861 children living in the rural Philippines had elevated levels of lead in whole blood Lead is a classified as possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and also listed by the United States-Environmental Protection Agency as one of priority contaminants. Removal of Lead from wastewater before they are released is of high importance, due to its detrimental health effects for humans. 8] 2. 2 Absorption as a solution Absorption serves as a potential cost-effective alternative in the removal of heavy metals in water through adsorption [8]. Most absorption related studies focused on several fungal strains and several species Of marine algae [9]. Absorption is a physic-chemical adsorption whereby metal ions become attached to the biomass surface It can be defined as the ability of biological materials to ac cumulate heavy metals from wastewater through metabolically edited or physics-chemical pathways of uptake [4]. The major advantages of absorption over conventional treatment methods include low cost, high efficiency of metal removal from dilute solution, minimization of chemical and/or biological sludge, no additional nutrient requirement, and regeneration of absorbent and the possibility of metal recovery 2. 3 Potential use of Banana Peels Banana (Muss SP. ) peel is an abundant and low cost agricultural waste residue and is easily available in large quantities. Cache et al. [2009] investigated the efficiency of banana peel as a absorbent for removal of Heinlein compounds from Olive mill wastewater.Transylvania et al. [2010] and Lie et al. [2007] was demonstrated to convert solid fruit peel residue into an effective adsorbent for the adsorption of metal ions and compared the activity with activated carbon. Lemon peel, orange peel, and banana peel as adsorbents for the removal Of various metal ions such as cue(al), In(al), Zen(al), BP(al), and Cd(al). Muss sapient peels were analyzed for minerals, nutritional and anti- nutritional contents. The result of mineral content analysis indicates the presence of potassium, calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, bromide, podium, strontium, zirconium, and niobium.Protein, crude lipid, carbohydrate and crude fiber were also indicated. The peels of Muss sapient, if exploited and processed properly, could be a high-quality and cheap source of carbohydrates and minerals for livestock [4]. The Muss sapient peels, which is usually ignored and treated as waste could be domesticated for proper utilization and use [10]. Morphological Properties of Banana Muss sapient which is commonly called banana is a herbaceous plant of the family Mustache. The banana plant is the largest herbaceous flowering plant.The main or upright stem is actually a pseudonym, growing from a corm, to a height of 6 to 7. 6 meters. Leaves are spirally arranged, as long as 2. 7 meters and 60 CM wide, fragile and easily torn by wind, with the familiar frond look. Each pseudonym produces a single bunch of bananas; the pseudonym dies after fruiting, as offshoots usually develop from the base of the plant. Each pseudonym produces a single inflorescence, the banana heart, containing many bracts between rows of flowers. The banana fruits develop from the heart, in a hanging cluster made up of tiers (hands), up to 20 fruit to a tier.According to the study conducted by Engage et al. , shows the concentration of potassium to be highest (78. MGM/g). The concentration (MGM/egg) of calcium, sodium, iron, and manganese were 19. 20, 24. 30, 0. 61 and 76. 20 respectively. The appreciable high content of potassium signifies that if the peel is taken, it will help in the regulation of body fluids and maintained normal blood pressure. Chapter 3 Materials and Methods Modify the procedures in chapter 3 1 already changed the objectives and hypothesis. 3. Collection of Plant Material Banana peels (Muss sapient L), biomass will be collected from the local racket. The biomass will be dried in sun for fifteen days. The buds will be removed and further dried in sun for another fifteen days. This biomass will be washed with tap water to remove any dust or foreign particles attached to biomass and thoroughly rinsed with distilled water. The washed biomass will be dried at chic and ground to powder using mortar and pestle. Grinded biomass will be further thoroughly washed with distilled water till the color of washing water clear.The powdered biomass will be dried in oven at SOC to a constant weight. The absorbent will be again ground to powder and careened using a sieve of mesh size 80 to an approximate size of 1. 5-2 millimeter. [1] 3. 2 Reagent Preparation Stock solution of lead (MGM/L) will be prepared by dissolving the desired quantity of hydrated lead acetate in distilled water. Other concentrations will be obtained by proper dilution of stock solution. The chemicals used will be Of analytical reagent grade. [1] 3. 3 Determination of Absorption Capacity Absorption studies will be carried out by batch process.

Banana Peels Biosorption free essay sample

The acute and chronic effects of these heavy metals especially lead have been a worldwide concern. In fact in April 2000 the use of leaded gasoline was phased out in Metro Manila, such movement was partly due to the implementation of Clean Air Act of 1 999 as well as the environmental concern of previous president Fidel V. Ramose Add an intro here about the presence and sources of lead and correlate it with the possibility of contaminating waters.Conventional methods for metal removal in water include chemical precipitation, lime coagulation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis and solvent extraction Although this methods for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater, however, are often cost prohibitive having inadequate efficiencies at low metal concentrations, particularly in the range of 1 to DID MGM/L.Some of these methods, furthermore, generate toxic sludge, the disposal of which is a burden on the techno-economic feasibility of treatment procedures The search for new technologies i nvolving the removal of toxic metals from wastewater has directed attention to absorption, based on metal binding capacities of various biological materials. Absorption can be defined as the ability of biological materials to accumulate heavy metals from wastewater through metabolically mediated or physics-chemical pathways of uptake [4].Absorption for the removal of heavy metal ions may provide an attractive alternative to physics-chemical methods The major advantages of absorption over conventional treatment methods include low cost, high efficiency of metal removal from dilute solution, minimization of chemical and/or biological sludge, no additional nutrient requirement, and regeneration of absorbent and the possibility of metal recovery [3]. In this present study, Muss sapient L. Eels, which are available in large quantities or from business operations may have potential to be used as low cost De-leading agent, as they represent unused resources, widely available ND are environmentally friendly. 1. 2 Significance of the Study The researcher aims to generate a low-cost De-leading agent that may be beneficial to the following: Readers -Generating awareness of the readers about the prevalence and increasing concern for heavy metal contamination of Philippine waters.Researchers To help them in developing an inexpensive and effective absorbent that is easily available in large quantities in the Philippines and feasible economically for lead contaminated water. Policy Makers They would be able to create policies about waste water treatments in factories and as well as those who are engaged in the retirement facility of water consumed by the public like MANILAS. 1. 2 Statement of the Problems Conventional methods of removing lead from the environment are said to be cost-prohibitive and generate toxic sludge. In this study the researches sought answers to the following problems: 1 .Can the peels of Muss sapient (L. ) (Fame. Mustache) reduce the level of lead ions from contaminated water. 2. What is the optimum pH of the solution for banana peels to exhibit maximum Absorption capacity? 3. What is the effect of contact time on the Absorption capacity of banana peels? 4. What is the effect of initial metal concentration of lead in the solution to the amount of lead adsorbed by the banana peels? 1. 3 Objectives of the study 1. 3. 1 General Objective The general objective of this study is: 1 . To determine the potential absorbent capacity of the peels of Muss sapient (L. ) (Fame.Mustache). 1. 3. 2 specific Objectives: The specific objectives of this study are: 1 . Determine if banana peels can reduce the level of lead ions from contaminated water 2. Determine the optimum pH by which banana peels exhibit maximum absorption capacity 3. Determine the optimum contact time and the effect of contact time on sorption capacity of banana peels 4. Determine the effect of initial lead concentration on amount of lead adsorbed by the banana peels 1. 3. 1 Hypothesis Ho 1: The fruit peels of Muss sapient (L. ) (Fame. Mustache) can reduce the level of lead ions in contaminated water. Ha 1: The fruit peels of Muss sapient (L. ) (Fame. Mustache) cannot reduce Ho 2: Maximum lead ion removal by banana peel is at pH 3. Ha 2: Maximum lead ion removal by banana peel is not at pH 3. Ho 3: There is no direct relationship between contact time and absorption capacity of banana peels, up to a certain extent. Absorption kinetics does to follow a pseudo-second-order model. Ha 3: There is a direct relationship between contact time and absorption capacity Of banana peels, up to a certain extent. Absorption kinetics follows a pseudo-second-order model.Ho 4: There is no direct relationship between initial concentration of chromium in the solution and amount of chromium adsorbed by the banana peels, as best described by Languid isotherm model. Ha 3: There is a direct relationship between initial concentration of peels, as best described by Languid isotherm model Scope and Delimitations Samples were collected in a street vendor along U. N. Avenue. The specific research was conducted at EACH School of Pharmacy 7th floor E 7- laboratory room, and use of instruments such as Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was performed in De La Scale University-Taft, Manila.The study evaluates the absorbent effect of Muss sapient L. (Banana peel) for Lead-contaminated water solution. The study focused on Lead-contaminated water solution only. The study did not focus on the lead content of banana peels per SE. Chapter II Review of Related Literature 2. 1 Lead in the Environment Lead is a gray, soft, and malleable metal that exists naturally as a mixture of three isotopes. It serves as one Of the most important heavy metal contaminants [6]. According to the WHO, Lead poisoning is one of the most significant environmental health threats that children face. Exposure to even low levels of lead may lead to impairment of childhood cognitive function and abnormal infant behavior. It was reported that 21% of 2861 children living in the rural Philippines had elevated levels of lead in whole blood Lead is a classified as possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and also listed by the United States-Environmental Protection Agency as one of priority contaminants. Removal of Lead from wastewater before they are released is of high importance, due to its detrimental health effects for humans. 8] 2. 2 Absorption as a solution Absorption serves as a potential cost-effective alternative in the removal of heavy metals in water through adsorption [8]. Most absorption related studies focused on several fungal strains and several species Of marine algae [9]. Absorption is a physic-chemical adsorption whereby metal ions become attached to the biomass surface It can be defined as the ability of biological materials to ac cumulate heavy metals from wastewater through metabolically edited or physics-chemical pathways of uptake [4]. The major advantages of absorption over conventional treatment methods include low cost, high efficiency of metal removal from dilute solution, minimization of chemical and/or biological sludge, no additional nutrient requirement, and regeneration of absorbent and the possibility of metal recovery 2. 3 Potential use of Banana Peels Banana (Muss SP. ) peel is an abundant and low cost agricultural waste residue and is easily available in large quantities. Cache et al. [2009] investigated the efficiency of banana peel as a absorbent for removal of Heinlein compounds from Olive mill wastewater.Transylvania et al. [2010] and Lie et al. [2007] was demonstrated to convert solid fruit peel residue into an effective adsorbent for the adsorption of metal ions and compared the activity with activated carbon. Lemon peel, orange peel, and banana peel as adsorbents for the removal Of various metal ions such as cue(al), In(al), Zen(al), BP(al), and Cd(al). Muss sapient peels were analyzed for minerals, nutritional and anti- nutritional contents. The result of mineral content analysis indicates the presence of potassium, calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, bromide, podium, strontium, zirconium, and niobium.Protein, crude lipid, carbohydrate and crude fiber were also indicated. The peels of Muss sapient, if exploited and processed properly, could be a high-quality and cheap source of carbohydrates and minerals for livestock [4]. The Muss sapient peels, which is usually ignored and treated as waste could be domesticated for proper utilization and use [10]. Morphological Properties of Banana Muss sapient which is commonly called banana is a herbaceous plant of the family Mustache. The banana plant is the largest herbaceous flowering plant.The main or upright stem is actually a pseudonym, growing from a corm, to a height of 6 to 7. 6 meters. Leaves are spirally arranged, as long as 2. 7 meters and 60 CM wide, fragile and easily torn by wind, with the familiar frond look. Each pseudonym produces a single bunch of bananas; the pseudonym dies after fruiting, as offshoots usually develop from the base of the plant. Each pseudonym produces a single inflorescence, the banana heart, containing many bracts between rows of flowers. The banana fruits develop from the heart, in a hanging cluster made up of tiers (hands), up to 20 fruit to a tier.According to the study conducted by Engage et al. , shows the concentration of potassium to be highest (78. MGM/g). The concentration (MGM/egg) of calcium, sodium, iron, and manganese were 19. 20, 24. 30, 0. 61 and 76. 20 respectively. The appreciable high content of potassium signifies that if the peel is taken, it will help in the regulation of body fluids and maintained normal blood pressure. Chapter 3 Materials and Methods Modify the procedures in chapter 3 1 already changed the objectives and hypothesis. 3. Collection of Plant Material Banana peels (Muss sapient L), biomass will be collected from the local racket. The biomass will be dried in sun for fifteen days. The buds will be removed and further dried in sun for another fifteen days. This biomass will be washed with tap water to remove any dust or foreign particles attached to biomass and thoroughly rinsed with distilled water. The washed biomass will be dried at chic and ground to powder using mortar and pestle. Grinded biomass will be further thoroughly washed with distilled water till the color of washing water clear.The powdered biomass will be dried in oven at SOC to a constant weight. The absorbent will be again ground to powder and careened using a sieve of mesh size 80 to an approximate size of 1. 5-2 millimeter. [1] 3. 2 Reagent Preparation Stock solution of lead (MGM/L) will be prepared by dissolving the desired quantity of hydrated lead acetate in distilled water. Other concentrations will be obtained by proper dilution of stock solution. The chemicals used will be Of analytical reagent grade. [1] 3. 3 Determination of Absorption Capacity Absorption studies will be carried out by batch process.